1 out of 10

Presentation on the topic:

Slide no. 1

Slide description:

Slide no. 2

Slide description:

About 40 thousand km of precipitation falls on the surface of Eurasia, 23.5 thousand km of this amount is spent on evaporation. The annual flow from the territory of Eurasia together with the islands is more than 16 thousand km, i.e. slightly less than half of the total flow of all rivers on Earth. In terms of runoff layer, this is equal to 300 mm, i.e. above the average for the entire Earth as a whole. In terms of average thickness of the runoff layer, Eurasia is surpassed only by South America. However, these average values do not completely reflect the characteristics of the distribution of internal waters within the continent.

Slide no. 3

Slide description:

Significant differences in structure and topography, climatic contrasts and the associated unevenness of precipitation and differences in evaporation create large differences in the distribution of both surface and groundwater within the continent. Maximum runoff amounts (more than 1500 mm) are typical for the subequatorial and equatorial belts, especially for the islands of the Sunda archipelago, for the west of Indochina and Hindustan, and for the central part of the Himalayas. In other zones, such high runoff amounts are typical only for a few areas of the Japanese Islands, the Alps and the Scandinavian Highlands.

Slide no. 4

Slide description:

Large areas in these same regions have an annual flow of less than 1500, but more than 600 mm. In most of Europe, Northern and Eastern Asia, annual flow ranges from 200 to 600 mm per year. The relatively small spaces of the Iberian Peninsula, the Danube Plains, the middle part of the East European Plain and other areas are characterized by a flow of less than 200 mm, i.e. slightly less than the average value for the entire land. Vast areas of Central and Central Asia, the lower Indus basin, the Iranian Plateau and the Arabian Peninsula have a runoff value of less than 50 mm per year, and in many areas the thickness of the layer does not exceed 15 mm. These figures to some extent reflect differences in the density and nature of the surface water network of different parts of the continent.

Slide no. 5

Slide description:

The rivers of Eurasia belong to the basins of the Atlantic, Arctic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The interior and southwestern regions are almost devoid of surface water and have no drainage into the ocean. The territory of internal drainage (including the Caspian Sea basin) accounts for more than 30% of the total area of Eurasia.

Slide no. 6

Slide description:

The uneven distribution of water surfaces depends not only on modern natural conditions, but also on the peculiarities of the development of the continent. Obviously, before the powerful uplifts that led to the formation of the highest mountain ranges in the southern part of the continent, the climatic conditions of the interior parts of Eurasia, although they were more dry than the climates of its the outskirts were still not as arid as they are now. In this regard, in the Cenozoic, in the central part of the continent, there was a developed network of rivers and lakes, with flow to the north, east and south. Tectonic movements, which had a greater scope in the marginal parts of the orogenic belt than in the interior regions, led to the fact that these areas were protected from the influence of the oceans. The associated climate drying led to a decrease and disorganization of surface runoff and the formation of vast areas in the interior of the Eurasian continent (Iranian Plateau, Tibet, the plateau of China, Mongolia, etc.), practically devoid of surface runoff.

Slide no. 7

Slide description:

Characteristics of lakes in Eurasia Lakes in Eurasia are diverse in origin, size and water regime.1. glacial-tectonic; The basins of these lakes were formed by tectonic cracks of Neogene-Anthropogenic times and processed by glaciers, have irregular outlines and significant depths. (For example: Wenern, Wettern, Mälaren, Payanne, Saima, Inari). In more southern regions, within the Baltic lake chain, there are clusters of dammed moraine lakes.2. glacial lakes are especially characteristic of the Alps. The basins of the world-famous alpine lakes were formed in tectonic depressions at the end of the Neogene, and then were processed and deepened by powerful glaciers descending from the mountains.3. Karst lakes were formed as a result of leaching of limestone rocks. This type of lake is common on the Balkan Peninsula.4. dammed lakes5. floodplain lakes 6. volcanic lakes

Slide no. 8

Slide description:

Modern glaciation of Eurasia Modern glaciation of Eurasia is associated, on the one hand, with the islands of the Arctic and Subarctic, on the other, with the highest and most abundantly irrigated mountain systems. The polar islands are characterized by cover-type glaciation and a low position of the snow line. On Spitsbergen it lies on average at an altitude of 300 m above sea level. Glaciation has the character of shields, from which powerful glacial tongues descend and break into the sea. A large center of glaciation is located on the island of Iceland, where the position of the lower boundary of the nival belt varies between 700 and 1000 m. All mountain ranges are covered with firn fields, from which glaciers extend, feeding numerous rivers.

Slide no. 9

Slide description:

Modern glaciation of Eurasia In the mountains, the height of the snow line increases from north to south and from the outskirts of the continent to the interior regions. Therefore, the major centers of modern glaciation are not only the highest mountain systems, such as the Kunlun, Karakorum, Himalayas, Tien Shan, but also much less high, but abundantly moist mountains of the Atlantic regions. In the Scandinavian mountains, where the height of the snow line varies between 700 and 1900 m, there is significant glaciation. In the Alps, the snow line rises to a height of 2500-3200 m; this is the largest center of mountain glaciation in Europe with a valley type of glaciers, from which almost all significant rivers of Europe or their tributaries (Rhine, Rhone, Po, tributaries of the Danube) originate.

Slide no. 10

Slide description:

Modern glaciation of Eurasia Modern glaciation of the mountains of Asia, although significant, is still not as great as it could be, judging by their height. The highest mountains rise in the interior regions of the continent, characterized by a sharp continental climate and low precipitation amounts, so the snow line and the lower ends of the glaciers lie at high altitudes. The height of the snow boundary of the Karakorum and Kunlun is 5000-5500 m. The Himalayas are 4500-5000 m. The length of individual glaciers in the Karakorum reaches 60 km, the maximum length of the glaciers on the southern slope of the Himalayas is 26 km. In the Eastern Tien Shan, the height of the snow line is 3700 m and the length of the largest glacier is 40 km.

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Slide captions:

Preview:

Inland waters of Eurasia. 7th grade

Target: forming an idea among schoolchildren about the availability of inland waters to the Eurasian continent.

Tasks:

Educational: identify the features of the location of rivers and lakes on the territory of the mainland, expand the scope of the studied geographical nomenclature.

Developmental: continue to develop the ability to compare, generalize, establish cause-and-effect relationships, develop students’ cartographic and creative skills, and the ability to work with additional information and statistical materials.

Educational: nurturing high aesthetic feelings and qualities, environmental awareness, familiarization with the spiritual and natural values of humanity

Equipment: physical map of Eurasia, textbooks and atlases, physical map of the hemispheres;

computer, multimedia projector, slide presentation “Inland Waters of Eurasia” (Appendix 1), fragment of the documentary film “The Kingdom of the Russian Bear”.

Lesson type : learning new material. Lesson type: travel, workshop

Forms of training: individual student performances, working with a map at the board and in the field, practical work on a contour map, solving a crossword puzzle, watching a movie.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

I. Organizational moment (1 min.)

II. Review what you have learned (5 min.)

– In the last lesson we got acquainted with the climate of our continent. Let's repeat.

– In what climatic zones is Eurasia located? (In all except equatorial)

– Where is the “pole of cold” of the Northern Hemisphere? (Oymyakon, in Yakutia)

– Show on the map one of the wettest places on Earth. (Cherrapunji, at the foot of the Himalayas)

– Determine the climate type using climatograms (slide 2) (Temperate, Arctic, subequatorial)

III. Update (3 min.)

Announcing the topic of the lesson and setting learning objectives for students.

Teacher: We continue to study the largest continent on the planet - Eurasia, the continent on which we live. Today we will take a virtual trip through the inland waters of Eurasia and get acquainted with some of its rivers and lakes and find out their features.

- Guys, what types of inland waters do you know? (Rivers, swamps, lakes, groundwater, glaciers, reservoirs, ponds, permafrost)

Check your answers on slide 3.

IV. Solving educational problems (25 min.)

Name the rivers of the Arctic Ocean, Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, and internal drainage basins.

What do rivers depend on? (depending on terrain and climate)

Let's go to the first region:

1 berth. "Largest Lake"

This lake-sea is the largest inland lake on our planet. Unlike the neighboring Black Sea, the Caspian Sea is completely surrounded by land and has no outlet to any of the oceans. The water surface in it is 27 meters below the level of the world's oceans. Where the Volga meets the Caspian Sea, it divides into more than 800 channels and forms a surprisingly fertile delta.

Viewing a fragment of the documentary film “The Kingdom of the Russian Bear” (slide 4) – 1 min. 45 sec.

berth 2 "Rapid River"

Despite their beauty, the rapids brought sad fame to the river. The fact is that this is a relatively shallow river, but quite fast. The bottom is covered with rocks, which makes navigation very difficult, no matter how hard they try to clear it. Nowadays, ships have difficulty ascending the river, but until the mid-twentieth century this was not possible at all and ships had to be transported by train. (Slide 5)

berth 3 "Ladoga"

The bowl of the lake was formed as a result of tectonic activity and glacier movement. The unique location of the lake allows you to observe the “white nights” and also enjoy the enchanting view of the northern lights. The lake is surrounded by taiga forests and rocks. In the ancient sagas of Scandinavia he was called Aldoga. It is the largest lake in Europe, and also the deepest: 233 meters. An interesting fact is that 35 rivers and many small streams flow into the lake, but only one flows out - the Neva. There are also three large bays in the lake - Volkhovsky, Svirsky and Shlisselburgsky. (Slide 6)

berth 4 "Russian hero"

The Yenisei is a unique natural formation from a geographical point of view. The mighty river runs almost strictly along the meridian and divides the territory of Russia approximately in half. (Slide 7)

berth 5 "Pearl of Siberia"

The student tells the legend: (slide 8)

“Father Baikal had 336 river-sons and one daughter - Angara, all of them flowed into her father in order to replenish his waters, but his daughter fell in love with the Yenisei River and decided to run away to him. Baikal, having learned about this, tried to block her path by throwing the Shaman Stone to the source. But Angara ran further, then Baikal sent his nephew Irkut in pursuit of her, but he took pity on Angara and turned off the path. The Angara met the Yenisei and flowed further along with it.”

berth 6 长江 – “Long River”

This river is the third in the world in terms of depth and length. And in Eurasia it is the longest. The river water is widely used to irrigate rice fields, especially in the Sichuan Basin. Floods occur frequently. This is China's main waterway. Four of the country's five main freshwater lakes drain into the Yangtze. The civilization of southern China appeared on its shores. The Yangtze River is home to two endangered species: the Chinese alligator and the Chinese paddlefish. (Slide 9)

berth 7 “Fresh - salty (Appendix 3)

A unique lake with different waters. It is divided by a narrow strait into two parts - western and eastern. In the first there is fresh water, in the second it is brackish. Balkhash was known to the Chinese under the name “Si-Hai” - the Western Sea, the Turks and Mongols, who designated in white all geographical objects to the west of their settlements, called it “Ak-Dengiz” (“white sea”), and when the borders of their states moved to the west, the lake became “blue” (eastern). The Kazakhs called the lake “Tengiz”, which means “sea”. This closed semi-freshwater lake is located in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan. Balkhash is the second largest non-drying salt lake (after the Caspian Sea) and the 14th in the list of the largest lakes in the world, while the lake significantly changes its area according to wet seasons: from 22 to 17 thousand km2. (Slide 10)

berth 8 "Soul of India"

In art, Ganga is depicted as a sensual and beautiful woman carrying an overflowing pitcher in her hand, which symbolizes the richness of life. She is often depicted riding her Makara, an animal with the body of a crocodile and the tail of a fish.

The Ganges is often called one of the dirtiest rivers in the world. Its waters threaten the health of about 500 million people living in the river basin and its delta. Already starting from the upper reaches, the Ganges becomes very dirty due to wastewater that is discharged into the river by the population and numerous industrial enterprises. Another reason for river pollution is the overpopulation of cities along the river: during floods, the Ganges collects a large amount of human waste.

The Ganges is a popular burial site. Since the river in Hinduism is the link between Earth and Heaven, it is believed that when people throw the ashes of their deceased relatives into the waters of this river, it will help them reach heaven. Therefore, cremation anywhere along the river is desirable for Hindus. Often people bring the dead here across the whole country, and on the banks of the river there are constantly burning bonfires on which the dead are burned. Some companies even offer transportation of ashes from abroad and perform ash scattering ceremonies on the Ganges. The poorest Indians simply throw the bodies of the dead into the water. Also an important ritual on the Ganges is Arti - presenting to the gods lit lamps made of leaves, with a wick immersed in ghee. It is believed that the longer the lamp burns, the greater the chance of fulfilling the request that the Hindu asks the gods for, while songs are sung. (slide 11)

V. Consolidation of what has been learned (6 min.)

Crossword “Waters of Eurasia” (slide 12)

Working with the map and textbook, determine the names of which water bodies are hidden in the crossword puzzle under the vertical numbers.

If the crossword puzzle is solved correctly, then the keyword will appear horizontally - this is a river in the southwest of Russia. The teacher distributes assignments (or reads them out in the case of frontal work).

Questions for the crossword:

A river whose mouth is in the East Siberian Sea.

An international Russian-Chinese nature reserve has been organized on this lake.

River of the Sea of Okhotsk basin.

With this influx, the river becomes the second longest in Eurasia.

A tributary of the Amur.

A river in the deserts of Mesopotamia, the Indian Ocean basin.

French river.

61o s. sh.; 35°E The White Sea-Baltic Canal connects it with the White Sea.

A river of internal flow that feeds the Aral Sea-lake.

Checking the answers on the slide (slide 13) Key word: Reed.

The teacher evaluates the work of actively responding students.

VI. Lesson summary. Evaluating student answers

VII. Homework (slide 14)

Class: 7

Target: forming an idea among schoolchildren about the availability of inland waters to the Eurasian continent.

Tasks:

Educational: to identify the features of the distribution of rivers and lakes on the territory of the mainland, to expand the scope of the studied geographical nomenclature.
Developmental:continue to develop the ability to compare, generalize, establish cause-and-effect relationships, develop students’ cartographic and creative skills, and the ability to work with additional information and statistical materials.
Educational: education of high aesthetic feelings and qualities, environmental awareness, familiarization with the spiritual and natural values of humanity

Equipment:

physical map of Eurasia,
textbooks and atlases for grade 7,
physical map of the hemispheres;
contour maps, pencils;
statistical materials;
computer, multimedia projector, slide presentation “Inland waters of Eurasia” ( Appendix 1 )
fragment of the documentary film “The Kingdom of the Russian Bear”.

Lesson type: learning new material

Lesson type: travel, workshop

Forms of training: individual performances, working with a map at the board and in the field, practical work on a contour map, solving a crossword puzzle, watching a movie.

Integration links: social studies, history, literature, biology.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

I. Organizational moment(1 min.)

II. Repetition of what has been learned(5 min.)

– In the last lesson we got acquainted with the climate of our continent. Let's repeat.
– In what climatic zones is Eurasia located? (In all except equatorial)
– Where is the “pole of cold” of the Northern Hemisphere? (Oymyakon, in Yakutia)
– Show on the map one of the wettest places on Earth. (Cherrapunji, at the foot of the Himalayas)
– Determine the climate type using climatograms ( slide 2) (Temperate, Arctic, subequatorial)

III. Update(3 min.)

Announcing the topic of the lesson and setting learning objectives for students.

Teacher: We continue to study the largest continent on the planet - Eurasia, the continent on which we live. Today we will take a virtual trip through the inland waters of Eurasia and get acquainted with some of its rivers and lakes and find out their features. What will we take with us on the road so as not to go astray? (Atlas, textbook, map and other answers (study)

– Open the textbook on page 260, prepare the necessary cards.
– Every traveler always keeps notes during research; he enters the most important and new information in his travel journal. Our hiking journals today will be outline maps. During the expedition, do not forget to indicate all the necessary objects in the field journal, as well as enter additional information into it (on tasks). When you return, hand over your work to me.
– Open your travel journals, write down the date of departure and the name of the route “Inland Waters of Eurasia.”
- Guys, what types of inland waters do you know? (Rivers, swamps, lakes, groundwater, glaciers, reservoirs, ponds, permafrost)

Checking answers to slide 3.

IV. Solving educational problems(25 min.)

Let's go to the first region:

1 berth. "Largest Lake"

This is a lake-sea – the largest inland lake on our planet. Unlike the neighboring Black Sea, the Caspian Sea is completely surrounded by land and has no outlet to any of the oceans. The water surface in it is 27 meters below the level of the world's oceans. Where the Volga meets the Caspian Sea, it divides into more than 800 channels and forms a surprisingly fertile delta.

Watching a fragment of the documentary film “The Kingdom of the Russian Bear”(slide 4)– 1 min. 45 sec.

Exercise:

Mark this geographic feature on the contour map
Write the names of the two rivers that feed this lake with water.
Indicate the level of the world ocean at which the lake lies (in meters)

berth 2 "Rapid River"

– This is the second longest river in Europe after the Volga. It originates in the German Black Forest and flows east, cutting through Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest and Belgrade, four European capitals. At the end of its journey, this great river forms a delta in the territory of Ukraine and Romania, and flows into the Black Sea.
Despite their beauty, the rapids brought sad fame to the river. The fact is that this is a relatively shallow river, but quite fast. The bottom is covered with rocks, which makes navigation very difficult, no matter how hard they try to clear it. Nowadays, ships have difficulty ascending the river, but until the mid-twentieth century this was not possible at all and ships had to be transported by train. (Slide 5)

Exercise:

Name the river and mark it on the map.
Label the mouth of the river and the sea that receives these waters.

berth 3 "Ladoga"

The bowl of the lake was formed as a result of tectonic activity and glacier movement. The unique location of the lake allows you to observe the “white nights” and also enjoy the enchanting view of the northern lights. The lake is surrounded by taiga forests and rocks. In the ancient sagas of Scandinavia he was called Aldoga. It is the largest lake in Europe, and also the deepest: 233 meters. Interesting fact – 35 rivers and many small streams flow into the lake, but only one flows out - the Neva. There are also three large bays in the lake - Volkhovsky, Svirsky and Shlisselburgsky. (Slide 6)

Exercise:

Name the lake and mark it on the map.
Write the name of the river flowing from the lake.

berth 4 "Russian hero"

Yenisei is a giant Siberian river. It may well be considered a symbol of Russia, along with the bear and matryoshka. In size, the Yenisei is second only to several rivers on the planet, such as the Nile or the Amazon. The Evenks called the river Ioanessi, and the Cossacks who came here in the 17th century changed the indigenous Siberian name in their own way. Since then, the Cossack name of the river has been indicated on all maps.
The Yenisei is a unique natural formation from a geographical point of view. The mighty river runs almost strictly along the meridian and divides the territory of Russia approximately in half. (Slide 7)

Exercise:

Show the river on the map, write its name on the outline map.
Label its 2 right tributaries.
Does the river connect to Lake Baikal? Give the name of this river.

berth 5 "Pearl of Siberia"

The student tells the legend: (slide 8)

“Father Baikal had 336 river-sons and one daughter - Angara, all of them flowed into her father in order to replenish his waters, but his daughter fell in love with the Yenisei River and decided to run away to him. Baikal, having learned about this, tried to block her path by throwing Shaman to the source - stone. But Angara ran further, then Baikal sent his nephew Irkut in pursuit of her, but he took pity on Angara and turned off the path. The Angara met the Yenisei and flowed further along with it.”

Exercise:

Show the lake on the map and label it.
Using the textbook (page 262), find out which lake also has a tectonic origin. Mark it on the map.

berth 6 长江 – “Long River”

Exercise:

Determine the name of the river and mark it on the map. (Yangtze)
Find out, using the table, its length, sign the number on the contour map. (5800 km)
Write the names of two more major rivers in China. (Cupid, Yellow River)(Appendix 2 )

berth 7 "Fresh - salty(Appendix 3 )

Exercise:

Mark the lake on the outline map.
Write the name of the largest river flowing into the lake ( Ili River)

berth 8 "Soul of India"

Message from student “Ganges”

The Ganges in Hindu mythology is a heavenly river that descended to earth. It is sacred to Hindus and pilgrimages are made to it, especially to its sources and cities. Cremations take place on the banks of the river, the ashes of deceased Hindus are scattered in the water and ritual ablutions are carried out. For most of its course, the Ganges is a flat river with a calm flow, although it originates high in the Himalayas, fed by numerous mountain tributaries. Rare species of animals are common here: baboon, brown bear, fox, leopard, snow leopard, deer (including spotted deer), musk deer, porcupine, etc.
In art, Ganga is depicted as a sensual and beautiful woman carrying an overflowing pitcher in her hand, which symbolizes the richness of life. She is often depicted riding her Makara, an animal with the body of a crocodile and the tail of a fish.
The Ganges is often called one of the dirtiest rivers in the world. Its waters threaten the health of about 500 million people living in the river basin and its delta. Already starting from the upper reaches, the Ganges becomes very dirty due to wastewater that is discharged into the river by the population and numerous industrial enterprises. Another reason for river pollution is the overpopulation of cities along the river: during floods, the Ganges collects a large amount of human waste.
The Ganges is a popular burial site. Since the river in Hinduism is the link between Earth and Heaven, it is believed that when people throw the ashes of their deceased relatives into the waters of this river, it will help them reach heaven. Therefore, cremation anywhere along the river is desirable for Hindus. Often people bring the dead here across the whole country, and on the banks of the river there are constantly burning bonfires on which the dead are burned. Some companies offer transportation of ashes even from - abroad and perform ash scattering ceremonies over the Ganges. The poorest Indians simply throw the bodies of the dead into the water. Also an important ritual on the Ganges is Arti - presenting to the gods lit lamps made of leaves, with a wick immersed in ghee. It is believed that the longer the lamp burns, the greater the chance of fulfilling the request that the Hindu asks the gods for, while songs are sung. (slide 11)

Exercise:

Label the Ganges River on the outline map.
Write the names of three more rivers in Asia flowing into the Indian Ocean ( possible options: Indus, Brahmaputra, Euphrates, Tigris, Irrawaddy, Salween)

Physical education minute

Warm-up for the shoulder girdle.

Teacher: In which direction does the Indus River flow? (In the southeastern)
Stand next to the desk, let's lower our hands first to the south (down), then turn with your hands to the east (right).
What is the direction of the Yenisei? (Northern)
Let's raise our hands to the north, stretch on our tiptoes.

V. Consolidation of what has been learned(6 min.)

Crossword “Waters of Eurasia” (slide 12)

Working with the map and textbook, determine the names of which water bodies are hidden in the crossword puzzle under the vertical numbers.
If the crossword puzzle is solved correctly, then the keyword will appear horizontally - this is a river in the southwest of Russia. The teacher distributes assignments (or reads them out in the case of frontal work).

Questions for the crossword:

A river whose mouth is in the East Siberian Sea.
An international Russian-Chinese nature reserve has been organized on this lake.
River of the Sea of Okhotsk basin.
With this influx, the river becomes the second longest in Eurasia.
A tributary of the Amur.
A river in the deserts of Mesopotamia, the Indian Ocean basin.
French river.
61 o p. sh.; 35 o east The White Sea-Baltic Canal connects it with the White Sea.
A river of internal flow that feeds the Aral Sea-lake.

Checking the answers on the slide (slide 13)

Keyword: Reed.

The teacher evaluates the work of actively responding students.

VI. Lesson summary. Evaluating student answers

- Guys, our journey has ended. Today we visited the banks of rivers and lakes of the Eurasian continent. I hope you will be able to see many of these places in person in the future.
In your travel journals, add one name from the crossword puzzle where you would go first. Submit your work.

VII. Homework (slide 14)

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Slide captions:

Inland waters of Eurasia

The territory of Foreign Eurasia belongs to the basins of all four oceans. The central part of the continent is occupied by a vast area of internal drainage. Due to the great contrast of natural conditions, the rivers of Eurasia are extremely diverse in terms of feeding characteristics, regime, and flow patterns.

Danube. The Danube is the second longest river (after the Volga) in Europe. Length 2850 km, basin area 817 thousand square meters. km. It flows through the territory of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine.

The Loire is the longest river in France. Length - 1012 km, basin area 115 thousand square meters. km. It originates in the Cevennes and flows into the Bay of Biscay, forming an estuary.

Rhine. The Rhine is a river in Western Europe, mainly in Germany. Length - 1320 km, basin area 224.4 thousand square meters. km. It originates in the Alps, in Switzerland, flows through the Lake of Constance and the Upper Rhine Lowland, crosses the Rhine Slate Mountains in a narrow valley; the lower reaches within the Central European Plain, where the channel is fenced off in many places by dams. It flows into the North Sea, forming a delta.

Volga. The Volga is a river in the European part of the Russian Federation, the largest in Europe, length 3530 km, basin area 1360 thousand square meters. km. It begins on the Valdai Hills and flows into the Caspian Sea, forming a delta.

Dnieper. The Dnieper is a river in Eastern Europe, within the Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine. 2201 km (3rd in length after the Volga and Danube in Europe), basin area 504 thousand square meters. km. It begins on the Valdai Hills and flows into the Dnieper estuary of the Black Sea.

Lake Ladoga. Lake Ladoga is located in the north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation. Area – 17.7 thousand square meters. km, with islands of 18.1 thousand square meters. km. The average depth is 51 m, the greatest is 230 m. About 660 islands (large Mantsinsari, Valaam). The Volkhov, Svir and other rivers flow in, and the Neva River flows out.

Lake Onega. Lake Onega is located in the north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation, in Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. 9.7 thousand sq. km (without islands). Depth up to 127 m.

Ganga. Ganges (Ganges) is a river in India and Bangladesh. Length 2700 km. Pool area – 1120 thousand square meters. km It originates in the Himalayas, flows through the Gangetic plain, flows into the Bay of Bengal, forming a common delta with the Meghna and Brahmaputra rivers.

Valley of the Yenisei River. Yenisei is a river in Siberia. It is formed by the confluence of the Big and Small Yenisei near the city of Kyzyl. Length - 3487 km (from the sources of the Malaya Yenisei 4102 km), basin area 2580 thousand square meters. km. It flows into the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea. The most abundant river in the Russian Federation.

Mekong River The Mekong is a river in China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Kampuchea and Vietnam, the largest in the Indochina Peninsula. Length - 4500 km, basin area 810 thousand square meters. km. It begins on the Tibetan Plateau, flows through the Kampuchean Plain, flows into the South China Sea, forming a delta with an area of approx. 70 thousand sq. km.

Ob. Ob is a river in Western Siberia. Formed by the confluence of the Katun and Biya in Altai. It flows into the Ob Bay of the Kara Sea, forming a delta (an area of more than 4 thousand sq. km). Length - 3650 km (from the source of the Irtysh 5410 km), basin area 2990 thousand square meters. km.

Lake Baikal. Baikal is a freshwater lake in the south of Eastern Siberia. Located at an altitude of 456 m and surrounded by mountains. Area - 31.5 thousand square meters. km, length 636 km, average width 48 km. The deepest (up to 1620 m) in the world. Tectonic origin. 336 rivers flow in (including Selenga, Barguzin, V. Angara), and the Angara River flows out.

Yangtze River Yangtze is a river in China. Length - 5800 km, the longest in Eurasia, basin area 1808.5 thousand square meters. km. Beginning on the Tibetan Plateau; crosses the Sino-Tibetan Mountains, the Sichuan Basin (below which it forms 3 gorges), irrigates the Jianghan and Great Chinese Plains; flows into the East China Sea, forming an estuary. One of the deepest rivers in the world.

Lesson Objectives

1. Expansion and deepening of knowledge about the inland waters of Eurasia.

2. Familiarity with the nomenclature of geographical names on the topic

Plains

OCEAN POOLS

EXAMPLES OF RIVERS

ARCTIC OCEAN

Ob, Yenisei, Pechora, Lena, etc.

NUTRITION

MODE

Snegovoe

Rain

Spring floods,

A hundred suns you tirelessly

You will shine for us for centuries,

Ob is a friend of the ocean,

Ob is a great river!

(Kazimir Lisovsky)

Ob is a river in Western Siberia. Formed by the confluence of the Katun and Biya in Altai. It flows into the Ob Bay of the Kara Sea, forming a delta (an area of more than 4 thousand sq. km). Length - 3650 km (from the source of the Irtysh 5410 km), basin area 2990 thousand square meters. km.

Valley of the Yenisei River.

Yenisei is a river in Siberia. It is formed by the confluence of the Big and Small Yenisei near the city of Kyzyl. Length - 3487 km (from the sources of the Malaya Yenisei 4102 km), basin area 2580 thousand square meters. km. It flows into the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea. The most abundant river in the Russian Federation.

Tearing the Saiyan's chest,

The free Yenisei rushes,

Son of the free ocean,

Pride of my Motherland!

Lena River

Lena is one of the greatest and most abundant rivers on the globe. The Lena River originates in the Baikal Range and flows into the Laptev Sea, forming a delta with an area of 30 thousand km2, almost 2 times larger than the Volga delta. The Lena Delta consists of more than 800 channels and many islands of various sizes and shapes. The main tributaries of the Lena are the Vitim, Olekma, Aldan, and Vilyui rivers.

OCEAN POOLS

EXAMPLES OF RIVERS

INDIAN OCEAN

Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra

NUTRITION

MODE

Rain

Snegovoe

Summer flood

Their fast waves roll

Ganga - mother and mighty Jamna -

Members of an ancient beautiful family -

Endlessly caressing our land,

Full-flowing jets rush.

(B.Sh. Navin)

Ganges (Ganges) is a river in India and Bangladesh. Length 2700 km. Pool area – 1120 thousand square meters. km It originates in the Himalayas, flows through the Gangetic plain, flows into the Bay of Bengal, forming a common delta with the Meghna and Brahmaputra rivers.

Mekong River

The Mekong is a river in China, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Kampuchea and Vietnam, the largest on the Indochina Peninsula. Length - 4500 km, basin area 810 thousand square meters. km. It begins on the Tibetan Plateau, flows through the Kampuchean Plain, flows into the South China Sea, forming a delta with an area of approx. 70 thousand sq. km.

OCEAN POOLS

EXAMPLES OF RIVERS

PACIFIC OCEAN

Amur, Yangtze, Yellow River

NUTRITION

MODE

Rain

Spills during the monsoon

The Amur, the main river of the Far East, is a border river of Russia; part of its drainage area is located on Chinese territory. In terms of water content, the Amur is one of the most significant rivers in Russia: the average annual water flow at the mouth is 12800 m3/s, average annual runoff volume - 403 km2. The river is navigable along its entire length, and water transport and timber rafting have developed greatly here. Being the main water artery of the region.

Amur is subject to powerful anthropogenic influence. A significant amount of insufficiently treated wastewater enters the river. The quality of surface waters in the Amur Basin varies widely - from “slightly polluted” to “dirty” and “extremely polluted”. The main sources of pollution are enterprises in the electrical, pulp and paper, engineering, and mining industries. .

Amur River

Yangtze River

Yangtze is a river in China. Length - 5800 km, the longest in Eurasia, basin area 1808.5 thousand square meters. km. Beginning on the Tibetan Plateau; crosses the Sino-Tibetan Mountains, the Sichuan Basin (below which it forms 3 gorges), irrigates the Jianghan and Great Chinese Plains; flows into the East China Sea, forming an estuary. One of the deepest rivers in the world.

Use of rivers

Shipping

Electricity generation

Leisure and tourism

Fishing

OCEAN POOLS

EXAMPLES OF RIVERS

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Vistula

NUTRITION

MODE

Mixed

Spring floods

The Danube is a river of friendship between the peoples of Europe; many songs have been written about this river, especially during the Great Patriotic War. The song “Wreath of the Danube” is very beautiful

The Danube is the second longest river (after the Volga) in Europe. Length 2850 km, basin area 817 thousand square meters. km. It flows through the territory of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine.

The Rhine is a river in Western Europe, mainly in Germany. Length - 1320 km, basin area 224.4 thousand square meters. km. It originates in the Alps, in Switzerland, flows through the Lake of Constance and the Upper Rhine Lowland, crosses the Rhine Slate Mountains in a narrow valley; the lower reaches within the Central European Plain, where the channel is fenced off in many places by dams. It flows into the North Sea, forming a delta.

The Dnieper is a river in Eastern Europe, within the Russian Federation, Belarus and Ukraine. 2201 km (3rd in length after the Volga and Danube in Europe), basin area 504 thousand square meters. km. It begins on the Valdai Hills and flows into the Dnieper estuary of the Black Sea.

OCEAN POOLS

EXAMPLES OF RIVERS

INTERNAL DRAINAGE POOL

NUTRITION

Volga, Syrdarya, Amudarya.

MODE

Mixed

Spring floods

Seven thousand rivers, in no way equal:

And a stormy rush rushing from the mountains,

And between the fields in smooth bends,

Flowing into the distance - seven thousand rivers

She collected from all over -

Big and small - up to one,

What from Valdai to the Urals

They furrowed the globe.

(A. Tvardovsky)

The Volga is a river in the European part of the Russian Federation, the largest in Europe, length 3530 km, basin area 1360 thousand square meters. km. It begins on the Valdai Hills and flows into the Caspian Sea, forming a delta.

Usta (Krasnoyar)

More than 9,000 rivers and streams flow in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The total length of the rivers is 33,000 km. Of these, 550 rivers have a length from 10 to 50 km, 26 - from 51 to 100 km, and 16 rivers - more than 100 km. These include our Vetluga and Usta.

Characteristics of the Volga River

In what part of the continent does it flow?

Source of the river
Current direction
What kind of terrain does it flow through?
Character of the current
Tributaries
Estuary (where it flows)
Human use of the river
Environmental issues

Characteristics of the Volga River

Central and southern Europe
Valdai Upland
First in an easterly direction, and from Kazan in the South
Across the East European Plain
Plain
In spring due to melting snow, floods due to rain in summer and autumn
Oka, Kama, Vetluga
Caspian Sea
Shipping, fishing, hydroelectric power station
Industrial wastewater, household waste, poaching

In what part of the continent does it flow?

Source of the river
Current direction

What kind of terrain does it flow through?
Character of the current
River regime (when high water occurs)
Tributaries
Estuary (where it flows)
Human use of the river
Environmental issues

Caspian and Aral sea-lake, Lake Balkhash.

Lake Baikal.

Baikal is a freshwater lake in the south of Eastern Siberia. Located at an altitude of 456 m and surrounded by mountains. Area - 31.5 thousand square meters. km, length 636 km, average width 48 km. The deepest (up to 1620 m) in the world. Tectonic origin. 336 rivers flow in (including Selenga, Barguzin, V. Angara), and the Angara River flows out.

Lake Ladoga.

Lake Ladoga is located in the north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation. Area – 17.7 thousand square meters. km, with islands of 18.1 thousand square meters. km. The average depth is 51 m, the greatest is 230 m. About 660 islands (large Mantsinsari, Valaam). The Volkhov, Svir and other rivers flow in, and the Neva River flows out. Lake Ladoga was the only “road of life” during the Great Patriotic War.

Lake Onega.

Lake Onega is located in the north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation, in Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. 9.7 thousand sq. km (without islands). Depth up to 127 m.