The most significant characteristic traits of a person's personality. Human character traits, bad and good. What are the personality traits?

When a new personality is born, it receives a unique character as a gift. Human nature can consist of traits inherited from parents, or it can manifest itself in a completely different, unexpected quality.

Nature not only determines behavioral reactions, it specifically influences the manner of communication, attitude towards others and oneself, and towards work. A person's character traits create a certain worldview in an individual.

A person’s behavioral reactions depend on character

Temperament or character?

These two definitions create confusion because they both play a role in shaping personality and behavior. In fact, character and temperament are heterogeneous:

Character is formed from a list of certain acquired qualities of a person’s mental make-up.
Temperament is a biological quality. Psychologists distinguish four types of it: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic.

Having the same temperament, individuals can have completely different characters. But temperament has an important influence on the development of nature - smoothing or exacerbating it. Also, human nature directly affects temperament.

What is character

Psychologists, speaking about character, mean a certain combination of individual traits that are persistent in their expression. These traits have the maximum impact on the behavioral line of the individual in diverse relationships:

among people;
in the work team;
to one's own personality;
to the surrounding reality;
to physical and mental labor.

The word "character" is of Greek origin and means "to mint." This definition was introduced into everyday use by the natural scientist of Ancient Greece, the philosopher Theophrastus. Such a word really, very accurately defines the nature of an individual.

Theophrastus was the first to coin the term "character"

The character seems to be drawn as a unique drawing; it gives birth to a unique stamp, which is worn by the individual in a single copy.

To put it simply, character is a set, a combination of stable individual mental characteristics.

How to understand nature

To understand what kind of nature an individual has, you need to analyze all his actions. It is behavioral reactions that determine examples of character and characterize personality.

But such a judgment is often subjective. A person does not always react the way his intuition tells him. Actions are influenced by upbringing, life experience, and customs of the environment where the person lives.

But you can understand what kind of character a person has. By observing and analyzing the actions of a certain person for a long time, it is possible to identify individual, especially stable traits. If a person behaves the same way in completely different situations, showing similar reactions, makes the same decision, this indicates the presence of a certain nature.

Knowing which character traits are manifested and predominant in an individual, one can predict how he will manifest himself in a given situation.

Character and its traits

A character trait is an important part of a personality; it is a stable quality that determines the interaction between a person and the surrounding reality. This is the defining method of resolving emerging situations, therefore psychologists consider a personality trait as a predictable personal behavior.

Variety of characters

A person acquires characteristics of character throughout his entire life; it is impossible to classify individual traits of nature as innate and characterological. To analyze and assess a personality, a psychologist not only determines the totality of individual characteristics, but also identifies their distinctive features.

It is character traits that are defined as primary in the study and compilation of psychological characteristics of a person.

But, when defining and assessing a person, studying behavioral traits in social terms, the psychologist also uses knowledge of the meaningful orientation of nature. It is defined in:

strength-weakness;
breadth-narrowness;
static-dynamic;
integrity-contradiction;
integrity-fragmentation.

Such nuances constitute a general, complete characteristic of a particular person.

List of personality traits

Human nature is a complex combination of unique traits that forms a unique system. This order includes the most striking, stable personal qualities, revealed in gradations of human-society relationships:

Relationship system	Inherent Traits of an Individual
Relationship system	Pros	Cons
To self	Pickiness	Condescension
	Self-criticism	Narcissism
	Meekness	Boastfulness
	Altruism	Egocentrism
To the people around you	Sociability	Closedness
	Complacency	Callousness
	Sincerity	Deceit
	Justice	Injustice
	Community	Individualism
	Sensitivity	Callousness
	Courtesy	Shamelessness
To work	Organization	Laxity
	Mandatory	Cluelessness
	Performance	Sloppiness
	Enterprise	Inertia
	Hard work	Laziness
To items	Economy	Wastefulness
	Thoroughness	Negligence
	Neatness	Negligence

In addition to the character traits included by psychologists in the gradation of relationships (as a separate category), manifestations of nature in the moral, temperamental, cognitive and sthenic spheres were highlighted:

moral: humanity, toughness, sincerity, good nature, patriotism, impartiality, responsiveness;
temperamental: passion, sensuality, romance, liveliness, receptivity; passion, frivolity;
intellectual (cognitive): analytical, flexible, inquisitive, resourceful, efficient, critical, thoughtful;
sthenic (volitional): categoricalness, persistence, obstinacy, stubbornness, determination, timidity, courage, independence.

Many leading psychologists are inclined to believe that some personality traits should be divided into two categories:

Productive (motivational). Such traits push a person to perform certain actions and actions. These are goal-traits.
Instrumental. Giving personality during any activity individuality and method (manner) of action. These are methods-traits.

Gradation of character traits according to Allport

Allport's theory

The famous American psychologist Gordon Allport, an expert and developer of gradations of an individual’s personal characteristics, divided personality traits into three classes:

Dominant. Such traits most clearly reveal the behavioral form: actions, activities of a certain person. These include: kindness, selfishness, greed, secrecy, gentleness, modesty, greed.

Ordinary. They manifest themselves equally in all numerous areas of human life. These are: humanity, honesty, generosity, arrogance, altruism, egocentrism, cordiality, openness.

Secondary. These nuances do not have a particular impact on behavioral reactions. These are not dominant behaviors. These include musicality, poetry, diligence, and diligence.

A strong relationship is formed between a person’s existing personality traits. This pattern forms the final character of the individual.

But any existing structure has its own hierarchy. The human warehouse was no exception. This nuance is traced in Allport's proposed gradation structure, where minor traits can be suppressed by dominant ones. But in order to predict an individual’s actions, it is necessary to focus on the entire set of personality traits.

What is typicality and individuality?

The manifestation of the nature of each person always reflects the individual and typical. This is a harmonious combination of personal qualities, because the typical serves as the basis for identifying the individual.

What is a typical character. When a person has a certain set of traits that are the same (common) for a specific group of people, such a warehouse is called typical. It is like a mirror, reflecting the accepted and habitual conditions of existence of a particular group.

Also, typical features depend on the warehouse (a certain type of nature). They are also a condition for the emergence of a behavioral type of character into the category of which a person is “recorded.”

Having understood exactly what characteristics are inherent in a given personality, a person can be drawn up an average (typical) psychological portrait and assigned a certain type of temperament. For example:

Positive	Negative
Choleric
Activity	Incontinence
Energy	Hot temper
Sociability	Aggressiveness
Determination	Irritability
Initiative	Rudeness in communication
Impulsiveness	Unstable behavior
Phlegmatic person
Perseverance	Low activity
Performance	Slowness
Calm	Inactivity
Consistency	Unsociability
Reliability	Individualism
Integrity	Laziness
Sanguine
Sociability	Aversion to monotony
Activity	Superficiality
Goodwill	Lack of persistence
Adaptability	Poor perseverance
Cheerfulness	frivolity
Courage	Recklessness in actions
Resourcefulness	Inability to concentrate
Melancholic
Sensitivity	Closedness
Impressionability	Low activity
Performance	Unsociability
Restraint	Vulnerability
Cordiality	Shyness
Accuracy	Poor performance

Such typical character traits, corresponding to a certain temperament, are observed in each (to one degree or another) representative of the group.

Individual manifestation. Relationships between individuals always have an evaluative characteristic; they are manifested in a rich variety of behavioral reactions. The manifestation of an individual’s individual traits is greatly influenced by emerging circumstances, the formed worldview and a certain environment.

This characteristic is reflected in the vividness of the individual's various typical features. They vary in intensity and develop individually for each individual.

Some typical traits manifest themselves so powerfully in a person that they become not just individual, but unique.

In this case, typicality develops, by definition, into individuality. This personality classification helps to identify the negative characteristics of an individual that prevent them from expressing themselves and achieving a certain position in society.

By working on himself, analyzing and correcting shortcomings in his own character, each person creates the life he strives for.

Multifaceted, deep and unique. For centuries, being the subject of comprehensive research for various scientific fields, it still remains not fully understood. Thanks to the accumulated and systematized knowledge, the main personality traits have been identified. Getting to know them helps a person better understand himself, which, in turn, allows him to make adjustments to his beliefs, self-motivation system, and change his usual ways of acting to improve the quality of his life and increase the level of happiness.

Personality structure

There are a large number of different theories of human personality traits. In Russian psychology, the personality structures of such authors as Platonov K.K., Leontyev A.N., Kovalev A.G. are widely known.

The table below shows the personality structure according to A. G. Kovalev.

In the works of the famous Russian psychologist A. G. Kovalev, personality is defined as an integrative formation of mental processes, states and formed personality traits of a person.

Psychological processes

Psychological processes determine the foundation of a person’s mental life, since they provide him with interaction with the environment and are responsible for the formation of his life experience. There are a lot of such processes both in consciousness and in the subconscious. They are the most dynamic and short-term. Among them, emotional, volitional and cognitive mental processes stand out. The last group includes perception, sensation, representation, thinking, memory, attention, imagination.

Psychological states

Psychological states are already more stable formations that are formed from psychological processes. They represent internal holistic characteristics of the individual psyche that are relatively constant over time. Each such state can be characterized by one or more parameters that distinguish it from many others. Depending on what activity or what behavioral act this state provides, the dominance of certain cognitive, emotional or volitional mental processes is manifested.

Psychological properties

Mental properties or personality traits of a person are individual psychological characteristics that underlie the constant ways of his interaction with the world. They characterize a person as a system of certain subjective relationships to himself, to the people around him, various groups and the world as a whole, which manifests itself in communication and interaction with them.

While the formation of general stable personality traits is just beginning, the child is characterized as a whole by his prevailing psychological states. For example, he is described as calm, balanced, shy, moody, affective, excitable, depressed. With the change, the appearance of the child’s personality also changes. Under certain conditions, one of these states may become entrenched and in the future manifest itself in certain features of his character.

The formation of personality traits is carried out from mental processes that occur against the background of mental states. They represent the most stable and resilient mental formations, little subject to change and at the same time slowly accumulating. As such, Kovalev A.G. identified four main categories. The list of personality traits of a person is as follows:

temperament;
direction;
character;
capabilities.

At the same time, he drew attention to a certain degree of convention in identifying these structures, since the same properties can characterize both direction and character, and influence the manifestation of abilities. However, viewing these structures as relatively autonomous is very important. After all, even if they have the same properties, for example, temperament, people can differ greatly from each other in orientation, character and abilities.

Temperament

Human temperament refers to the biologically determined properties of personality and is the foundation on which its formation occurs. It reflects differences between people according to such criteria as emotional sensitivity, intensity and stability of emotions, pace and energy of actions, and other dynamic characteristics. The personality traits determined by it are of the most stable and long-term nature.

According to the definition of Teplov B.M., temperament can be spoken of as a set of mental characteristics characteristic of a given person, which are associated with the speed of the onset of feelings and their intensity.

Thus, to determine the type of temperament, two main dynamic characteristics are examined - activity and emotionality. The indicator of behavioral activity characterizes the degree of speed, swiftness, energy or inertia and slowness. The emotionality indicator characterizes emotional processes, reflecting their sign, positive or negative, and modality - fear, anger, joy and others. The most common classification today is that proposed by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. e., distinguishing four types of temperament:

sanguine;
phlegmatic;
melancholic;
choleric.

Representatives of the sanguine type have quickly arising but weak feelings, phlegmatic - slowly arising and weak feelings, melancholic - slowly arising but strong feelings, choleric - quickly arising and strong feelings. It can also be noted that representatives of the sanguine and choleric types of temperament are characterized by rapid movements, general mobility and a predisposition to a vivid external expression of feelings through facial expressions, movements and speech. Representatives of the phlegmatic and melancholic, on the contrary, are characterized by slow movements and a tendency to weak expression of feelings. In practice, it is very rare to meet people with a clearly defined pure type of temperament; mixed types are more common, when the features of two types of temperament are combined.

Temperament in no way affects a person’s abilities and talent. Outstanding talents in various fields of activity can be found with equal frequency for any type of temperament. For example, such famous Russian writers as I. A. Goncharov and I. A. Krylov showed traits of a phlegmatic type of temperament, I. V. Gogol and V. A. Zhukovsky - melancholic, A. I. Herzen - sanguine. , Pushkin A.S. had clearly expressed choleric features. And the two great Russian commanders had opposite types of temperaments: Suvorov A.V. - choleric, Kutuzov M.I. - phlegmatic.

Raising the question of which type of temperament is better is incorrect. Each of them has both its positive and negative sides. Valuable personality traits of a sanguine person are liveliness, mobility, responsiveness, phlegmatic - calmness, lack of fussiness and haste, melancholic - depth and stability of feelings, choleric - energy, passion, activity.

There is a tendency to develop undesirable personality traits:

in a sanguine person, such as frivolity and immaturity, a tendency to be scattered, superficiality of feelings;
in a phlegmatic person - inertia, lethargy, indifference;
in a melancholic person - excessive isolation, excessive shyness, a tendency to plunge headlong into one’s own experiences;
a choleric person has harshness, lack of restraint, and a tendency to emotional “explosions.”

Personality orientation

Personality orientation acts as the leading characteristic of a person. It is understood as a set of stable motives that orient the activity of an individual and have relative independence from the actual situation. In other words, it is the main motivational core of a person. The orientation of the individual is always socially conditioned and formed in the process of education. Orientation is attitudes that have become personality traits and are manifested in certain forms, each of which is based on the motives of human activity. These forms include:

attraction;
wish;
interest;
addiction;
ideal;
worldview;
belief.

Characteristics of directional shapes

In this context, drive is understood as a mental state that expresses an indistinguishable, unconscious or insufficiently realized need. As a rule, attraction is a temporary phenomenon, since the human need manifested in it either fades away or is realized and thus transformed into desire.

Desire is a person’s already realized need and attraction to something specific. Desire, due to sufficient awareness, has a motivating force. It promotes vision of the purpose of future actions and the construction of a detailed plan. This form of manifestation of orientation is characterized by awareness, firstly, of one’s needs and, secondly, of potential ways to satisfy them.

Aspiration is usually thought of as a felt urge to perform an activity. It appears when desire is combined with a volitional component.

The most striking and voluminous characteristic of a personality’s orientation is its interests, being the most important motivating force for understanding the surrounding reality. At the subjective level, interest reveals itself in a special emotional background that accompanies the process of cognition or attention to certain objects. An amazing feature of interest is that when it is satisfied, instead of fading away, it, on the contrary, evokes a number of new ones, corresponding to higher levels of cognitive activity.

Addiction reflects a person’s orientation towards a certain type of activity. At its core, it is a stable interest in the dynamics of its development that develops into a deep and sustainable human need to perform a particular activity. This happens when the volitional component is connected to interest.

An ideal is a specific image or representation of an objective goal that a person is guided by and strives for through the realization of his inclinations.

Worldview is understood as a system of a person’s subjective views on the world around him, on his place in it, on his attitude towards himself and other people. The ideals, value orientations, principles and beliefs of the individual are reflected here.

Conviction is considered the highest form of orientation and is considered as a system of motives of a person’s personality, encouraging him to act in accordance with his views, principles, and worldview. The concepts of motive and motivation are different from each other. The latter is broader and more capacious. A motive is a stable personal property that prompts a person from within to take certain actions. In the formation of personality orientation, the main role belongs to conscious motives, since they provide activation and direction of behavior. Their formation originates from human needs.

Character

In psychology, character is usually understood as a set of individual mental properties that manifest themselves in forms of behavior and methods of action typical for a given individual. The process of formation of general stable personality traits is carried out in the course of life.

Character traits do not include all of its features, but only the most significant and stable ones. For example, even very cheerful and optimistic people can experience feelings such as sadness or sadness, but this does not make them pessimists or whiners.

There are quite a lot of classifications of basic psychological personality traits. Most often in the domestic psychological literature there are two approaches. According to the first, all character traits are tied to mental processes and therefore are divided into three groups. The list of personality traits in this case is as follows:

Strong-willed - independence, organization, activity, perseverance, determination and others.
Emotional - impressionability, impetuosity, ardor, responsiveness, indifference, inertia and others.
Intellectual - curiosity, thoughtfulness, resourcefulness, quick wit and others.

According to the second approach, personality traits are described based on the orientation of the individual. In the formed character, the leading component is a system of beliefs that sets the long-term, strategic direction of a person’s actions and behavior, provides confidence in the importance and fairness of the work he is performing, and determines persistence in achieving the goals he has set for himself.

Character traits that determine attitude to activity are expressed in a person’s sustainable interests. A characterless person has no goals at all or very scattered ones. The superficiality and instability of their interests are often associated with a large degree of imitation, with a lack of independence and integrity of a person’s personality. And, on the contrary, the content and depth of a person’s interests indicate his focus and perseverance.

The specificity of a person’s character is manifested in situations of choosing methods of action or types of behavior. In this context, we can talk about such a character trait as the degree of expression of motivation to achieve success. It will determine a person’s choice either in favor of actions leading to success - initiative, competitive activity, willingness to take risks, or in favor of the desire to simply avoid failure - risk avoidance, evasion of responsibility, inactivity, lack of initiative.

All personality traits can be conditionally classified into two types - motivational and instrumental. The former, accordingly, stimulate and direct activity, and the latter give it a certain style. For example, when choosing the goal of an action, a motivational personality trait manifests itself. However, after the goal is determined, instrumental character traits become more apparent, which determine the choice of certain ways to achieve this goal.

Character is formed gradually and can undergo transformations throughout a person’s life. And this process can be made conscious. As the famous English writer William Makepeace Thackeray said, sow an action and you will reap a habit, sow a habit and you will reap a character, sow a character and you will reap a destiny.

Human abilities

According to the approach of the domestic scientist B. M. Teplov, abilities are understood as such individual psychological characteristics that, on the one hand, distinguish one person from another, on the other hand, are related to the success of performing any one activity or numerous activities, on the third - are not limited to the knowledge, skills and abilities a person already has.

A person’s abilities determine the degree of ease and speed of acquisition and assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities. In turn, acquired knowledge, skills and abilities significantly contribute to the further development of abilities, and their absence, on the contrary, serves as a brake on the development of abilities. In psychology they are most often classified as follows:

ability;
giftedness;
talent;
genius.

The successful implementation of any activity depends not on any one, but on the combination of several abilities at once. In this case, a combination leading to the same result can be achieved in different ways. In the absence of the necessary inclinations for the successful development of some abilities, their deficiency can be compensated for through the deeper development and elaboration of others. According to B. M. Teplov, abilities cannot exist in the absence of a constant development process. An ability that is not practiced is lost over time. Only through diligence, constant exercise, and systematic study of such complex activities as mathematics, music, artistic or technical creativity, and sports is it possible to maintain and develop the corresponding abilities.

How a great artist was not accepted into the academy

The identification of abilities and skills in everyday practice often leads to erroneous judgments and conclusions, especially in teaching practice. The story of how the famous artist V.I. Surikov was not accepted into the Academy of Arts at the initial stage of his development was honored to be included in the psychological literature as an example for a better understanding of the category of “ability.”

Surikov V.I.’s passion for drawing was obvious from early childhood. For some time he took lessons at the Krasnoyarsk district school. After the death of his father, due to tight financial circumstances, a good education was not affordable for his family. The young man entered the service as a scribe in the governor's office. Somehow his drawings came across P. N. Zamyatin, the Yenisei governor, and he saw in them the enormous artistic potential of the author. He found V.I. Surikov a philanthropist who was willing to pay for her education at the Academy of Arts. But despite this, the first attempt to enter an educational institution was not successful.

The teachers made a mistake because they failed to distinguish between a lack of skills and a lack of ability. Despite the fact that the young artist’s outstanding abilities appeared quite early, he still did not have enough drawing skills at that time.

Within three months, V. I. Surikov mastered the necessary skills and abilities and, as a result, was enrolled in the Academy of Arts. During his studies, he received four silver medals for his work and was awarded several cash prizes.

His example shows that you need to believe in yourself, in your dream and persistently achieve your goal.

Character is the manifestation of an emotional reaction in a person’s behavior in various relationships and specific situations. The character of a certain person and all his particular manifestations of qualities are a consequence of upbringing and living conditions in a social society.

Of course, individual adjustments and various life circumstances influence human psychology, but the formation and development of higher mental functions and genetic characteristics are laid down and formed in the womb, so when a person is born, he shows his individual characteristics almost from the first days. Any person can be characterized and assigned a certain personality type.

Also, you can pay attention to the manifestation of characteristic typical features of different peoples, i.e. There are general definitions of specific nationalities. For example, the character of the Russian is clearly different from other national mentalities.

Temperament of a Russian person:

“Breadth and generosity of soul”, which is absent among most peoples.
Patience, perseverance and endurance.
Craving for justice and compassion.
Among the negative ones: laziness, pessimism, hypocrisy and foul language.

It is easy to identify a Russian person by temperament; foreign nations associate a Russian person as someone who loves to go out in a big way; they have always been amazed by the generosity, resilience and dedication of the Russian people. Only a Russian person has an original sense of humor, which bewilders his foreign brothers. Many foreign men believe that a Russian woman is the best companion for life, as she has responsiveness, humanity, loyalty and compassion.

Also, a significant barrier for foreigners is learning the Russian language; it is considered the most difficult due to excessive emotionality and double meaning of the same words. The qualities in people of the Russian type, their attitude towards other people in the social environment, are more inclined to honor religious traditions. The attitude towards Christianity and the observance of religious rituals begin with the origins of the formation of the Slavic race.

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Individual characteristics in people, identifying their signs are an indicator of the true face of a Russian person, what qualities and abilities can manifest themselves in non-standard situations in social society. The psychology of the Russian person, flexibility of mind, extraordinary endurance, selflessness, love for the fatherland, and manifestation of compassion have more than once convinced opponents of their strength and steadfastness.

Classification of character traits

Character traits
Emotional	Strong-willed	Moral	Intelligent
Emotionality	Perseverance	Honesty	Curiosity
Cheerfulness	Independence	Responsiveness	Quick wit
Impressionability	Uncertainty	Kindness	Resourcefulness
	Determination	Cruelty	frivolity
	Courage		Thoughtfulness

The psychology of varying degrees of manifestation of the character of each person is individual and is formed throughout life, changing depending on the social environment. There is a certain classification into which a particular person can be classified.

List of manifestations in human behavior and assessment of qualities in social situations.

Volitional qualities are features of the properties of a particular person that manifest themselves in non-standard situations (restraint, patience, stubbornness, courage, cowardice, courage, discipline, etc.)
Emotional manifestations are the duration of mental processes in a certain person in specific situations (negative, positive, dynamic, neutral, statistical, unconventional).
Intellectual characteristics of an individual person, the quality of a person’s thinking (breadth, depth, flexibility, criticality, stupidity, etc.)

List of manifestations of human qualities

Attitude to the surrounding world is divided into four types:

I am good - everyone is good.
I am good - everyone is bad.
I'm bad - everyone is good.
I am bad - everyone is bad.
Attitude towards one’s personality (self-respect, self-criticism, arrogance, self-esteem, etc.).
Attitude to work (laziness, hard work, accuracy, tolerance, negligence, punctuality, responsibility, etc.).
Attitudes in groups of the social environment (sociability, isolation, truthfulness, deceitfulness, politeness, rudeness, etc.).

Types of human temperament

Temperament is the constant characteristics of the individual behavior of a particular person, which are equally manifested in various activities. There are four types whose definitions are:

A sanguine person is distinguished by increased mobility, efficiency, pronounced facial emotional manifestations in facial expression, responsiveness, sociability, poise, optimism, cheerful disposition, rapid fatigue from hard work, carelessness.
Choleric – sudden changes in mood, short temper, hysteria, quick response, impetuosity, outbursts of anger.
Melancholic – anxiety, pessimism, vulnerability, excessive worries about any reason, restraint, self-control, lack of trust in others.
Phlegmatic - cold-blooded, low activity, prudence, creates the impression of a wise person, always gets things done.

Human temperaments. 4 types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic

Manifestations of character traits in men and women

Manifestation of character traits in men

The same character trait in men and women, their attitude to actions manifests itself in different emotional reactions, causing completely different feelings.

For example, a woman’s touchiness manifests itself in a man in the form of angry outbursts.

Women are characterized by manifestations of excessive emotionality, sensitivity, understanding and compassion; practicality, they are more susceptible to sudden changes in mood. The psychology of men, their attitude to values, is based on restraint and the desire for power and leadership. Each period of an era is characterized by the presence of certain qualities in men and women.

Manifestation of character traits in women

So, for example, the qualities in modern people have minor differences; associations of male and female professions are increasingly being formed. Today it is not uncommon to find the fair half of humanity driving, and a man being a stylist, hairdresser or conductor, which several decades ago would have greatly surprised them.

The main character traits of a person are the prevailing stable, innate or acquired qualities that are constantly manifested in the behavior of an individual. Having found out what signs correspond to a certain person, you can create a psychological portrait, attitude and opinion about him, as well as assign a type of temperament (choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic).

Classify which individual qualities are characteristic in order to determine positive and negative character traits and draw general conclusions. This will help, for example, when applying for a job, in choosing a position, and sometimes in choosing a life partner, by determining the criteria that you value.

Negative and positive human character traits

The psychology of any person is the continuous formation of character qualities, depending on what conditions, therefore it is common for him to exhibit negative traits, they can change depending on what conditions, for the worse or for the better.

There are also constant negative qualities that manifest themselves in an individual person, which do not change throughout life.

Negative character traits cannot always be regarded as negative; their characteristics and qualities can emphasize advantages:

Self-confidence - self-satisfaction, can provoke a craving for performance and improved performance, to realize self-satisfaction.
Stubbornness provokes the achievement of the goals set for oneself.
Selfishness - ignoring others is bad, but trying to please others is not always beneficial. Sometimes you need to think about yourself in order to be able to help others.
Envy, for some people, can provoke them to want to achieve a better result than others.

There are such character traits in people as cruelty, deceit, hypocrisy, laziness, stinginess, rudeness, gloominess, etc., which will never provoke them to good deeds.

Positive and negative character traits are present to a greater or lesser extent in every person. Positive ones can cover up negative character traits of an individual. For example, people can be lazy, but good-natured, or selfish, but neat and hardworking, rude, but sympathetic and generous, etc.

List of positive qualities and their signs:

Endurance and patience.
Gratitude and morality.
Initiative and originality.
Cheerfulness and talent.
Sensitivity and optimism, etc.

The main character traits of women

List of predominant qualities and their distinctive properties:

The main character traits in men

List of predominant qualities and their properties:

4 main psychotypes of personality. How to determine and recognize a person’s character?

Before proceeding with the classification and listing of human character traits, it is necessary to understand the meaning and concept of this term. Translated from Greek, “character” means difference, sign or sign. The personality of each person is multifaceted and in each there is an interweaving of a large number of personal properties that determine a person’s behavior in a given situation. What are the character traits?

Classification of personality traits

Conventionally, the main character traits are divided into three main groups.

the first characterizes emotions;
the second is will;
the third is intelligence.

There is also a division according to the direction of impact.

First of all, this is characterized by the attitude towards the external environment - society and the people around.
Secondly, by attitude towards one’s own person;
Thirdly, to activity, that is, work and learning.

An emotional group that includes traits such as:

aggressiveness;
apathy;
artistry;
hot temper;
impressionability;
good nature;
cheerfulness;
isolation;
impulsiveness;
moodiness;
love;
melancholy and others

All of them are formed in early childhood, when the child’s psyche undergoes a developmental stage under the influence of many different factors.

Strong-willed character traits are acquired throughout life:

power;
masculinity;
assertiveness;
resourcefulness;
obsession;
prudence;
pedantry;
devotion, etc.

The intellectual group includes:

insight;
reasonableness;
prudence;
independence;
savvy;
intelligence;
integrity, etc.

The decisive factor here is natural predisposition, which is influenced by hereditary genes and temperament.

However, the child’s environment cannot be discounted: it would be more correct to say that it plays the same role in the development of personality as what is inherent in nature.

The baby grows, gains experience in interacting with the outside world and a set of positive and negative personality traits. This process continues throughout life and the list of existing character traits is constantly updated with new personality traits. And if at first this process occurs unconsciously, reflexively, then later, when a person realizes his actions, he can already make a choice. This conscious choice opens up opportunities for character transformation, that is, personal growth.

Basic personality traits

Today, the list of character traits consists of several hundred different definitions.

Their very different combinations can be found in the same person. But in general, the personal qualities that exist today are divided into positive and negative.

However, it is impossible to say with one hundred percent certainty that this is a bad character trait and that is a good one.

For example, adventurism can be called both a negative and a positive trait, depending on the impact it has on a person’s behavior.

If he is excessively and thoughtlessly carried away by various adventures of an incomprehensible nature, then this most likely will not bring him any good.

The healthy adventurism inherent in a successful businessman allows him to move forward, invest money in promising projects and prosper. Or, for example, envy. Everyone will say that this trait is extremely negative.

But psychologists say that it is the engine of progress, forcing people to strive forward and achieve more than others have. In most cases, it is worth talking about certain sets of properties that, depending on the current situation, can have a greater impact on a person. But from a social and moral point of view, they can all be divided into positive and negative.

Negative character traits

Here are some of them:

Negative personality traits also include rudeness, boasting, familiarity, gloominess, vanity, obstinacy, bitchiness, arrogance, promiscuity, etc.

A student's characteristics to the military registration and enlistment office is a certificate containing a description of the characteristic and distinctive features and qualities of a teenager and reflecting the opinion of the educational institution about him. This document is needed when it becomes necessary to evaluate the young man and establish government regulations regarding him. It is the content of the characteristics that largely determines whether a conscript will serve in the army or not. Therefore, the characteristic personality traits of the student indicated in this document for the military registration and enlistment office must be stated clearly and reliably.

Document for the military commissar

Along with other standard documents, the reference is attached to the conscript’s personal file. After a thorough study by a psychotherapist during conscription events, depending on its content, a decision is made on what types of troops the conscript is fit for.

The characteristics from the place of study for the military registration and enlistment office are important because they contain an assessment of the young man’s social activity, initiative and behavior in society. Such documents play an important role, so here it is necessary to indicate the socio-psychological nuances of the person being characterized. Equally important is data on student performance.

Characteristic content value

However, this is only in theory; in practice, the characteristics for the military registration and enlistment office from the place of study are purely formal. Most often, its content is taken into account when it comes to distribution to elite types of troops. In this case, representatives of the commissariat examine the psychological portrait of the young man. If the information specified in this document has a negative connotation, then the conscript is unlikely to serve in the Airborne Forces, Marine Corps detachments or the Presidential Regiment.

Psychologists at the military commissariat carefully study the character of the conscript and, if he wishes, to enter alternative civilian service. Since the pacifist attitude of a young man is difficult to document, the characterization becomes the main document confirming or refuting the moral attitude of the conscript.

Who can give a personal assessment

Characteristics to the military registration and enlistment office for a student from school can be presented in two forms: ordinary or psychological. The first option is a mandatory certificate. It is written by the class teacher. In this case, the characteristic will contain the main points that will tell about the student’s family, his academic performance, intellectual development, social status in the class, level of self-esteem and basic psychological qualities. Thus, a pedagogical certificate must contain complete and comprehensive information about the young man.

From a higher or secondary vocational educational institution, for the military registration and enlistment office, the characteristic personality traits of the student (student) are recorded by an official - an employee of the dean's office.

Psychological characteristics

Sometimes, at the request of the competent services, a psychological characteristic is requested. In addition to general information about the conscript, this document must contain paragraphs describing the psychological characteristics of the young man. In this case, the characteristic personality traits of the student are described for the military registration and enlistment office by a psychologist.

However, before characterizing a young man, it is necessary to conduct a whole range of studies in order to fully identify his main features. In addition to the results, you will also need to describe the methods used to research and test the student. A description of the young man’s behavior during tests will also be of no small importance.

Document form

The characteristic does not have any strict form of filling out; however, when completing it, certain rules and points that must be specified should be taken into account. Such an assessment is written in a free style by hand or printed.

Document structure

The rules for writing characteristics for a student at the military registration and enlistment office mainly consist of certain generally accepted formulations. The structure of the certificate defining the main character traits of a young man should include:

A block with personal information, which indicates the student’s full name, date of birth, residential address, place of study, year of admission to the educational institution.
A block containing information about family composition, financial situation and intra-family relationships. Next of kin are indicated here.
A block describing the psychological portrait of a young man, including information about his moral qualities and behavioral standards.
A block informing about behavior at the place of study and relationships with classmates and fellow students. The average grade point, level of physical fitness and knowledge of foreign languages are indicated.
Successes and achievements in the learning process. Participation in the public life of the educational institution.
Hobbies of a young man, his habits.

The characteristic personality traits of the student described in the certificate for the military registration and enlistment office should not only contain the good qualities of the conscript, but also indicate his shortcomings. The responsible person must enter information, if the young person has been brought to the police station, about conflicts and tendencies to mood swings, outbursts of anger or depression. Despite the fact that many samples of characteristics to the military registration and enlistment office do not contain this point, it should not be missed under any circumstances.

The importance of accurate information

Reliable and complete information about the personal qualities of the conscript will help to avoid unwanted situations. Timely informing military commissariat employees about the young man’s character traits prevents the emergence of possible conflicts during service.

Specifics of writing a general psychological and pedagogical characteristics of a student

Some descriptions of examples of characteristic personality traits of a student for the military registration and enlistment office, in addition to generally accepted points and blocks, may contain detailed information about developmental deviations or motor impairment in physical or cognitive activity and speech characteristics. The items characterizing the student’s mental abilities must necessarily reflect information about the characteristics of the ability to analyze and synthesize information obtained through visual and auditory perception.

Here the emotional-volitional sphere of the student can be characterized: sensitivity, prevailing moods, level of psycho-emotional excitability, presence of outbursts of anger, subordination, suggestibility. Also, if present, the pathological attractions of the young man are indicated.

When describing the characteristic personality traits of a student for the military registration and enlistment office, the teacher has the right to draw conclusions about the orientation of the personality. He is obliged to indicate the main interests, criteria of self-esteem and responsibility of the student. The tasks of the responsible person include forming an assessment of the behavior of the student’s norms and rules of behavior in society, determining the place and role in the team, indicating the level of social adaptation of the young man and relationships with others.

In the characteristics compiled, the responsible person has the right to reflect his own conclusions about the student or indicate the general opinion of the teaching staff.

Sample characteristics of a student to the military registration and enlistment office from school

Characteristics for a student of grade 11 "B"

MBOU "Gymnasium No. 5"

Barnaul, Altai Territory

Petrov Vladislav Fedorovich

Petrov Vladislav Fedorovich born in 1990 has been a student at MBOU “Gymnasium No. 5” since 2008. He is currently completing his studies in the 11th grade.

The level of physical fitness is high. Healthy, physical fitness group - main. Doesn't use alcohol or drugs. Has a negative attitude towards smoking. There were no reports to the police.

Height - 172 cm, weight - 70 kg. Physical development corresponds to age standards.

Family composition:

Her mother works as a cook in a school canteen; she has a specialized secondary education.
My father works as a technologist at a woodworking enterprise; he has a higher education.
My brother is in 6th grade.
There are maternal grandparents on the father's side.

They live in their own house, living conditions are good.

The family belongs to the average level of material wealth.

Relationships in the family are warm and trusting. At home, the student is treated with care and understanding, compliance with school discipline and the level of academic performance are monitored. In turn, the student treats loved ones with respect. His father enjoys special authority.

During his time at school, the young man showed himself on the positive side. The teaching staff characterizes him as a responsible, hardworking and conscientious student. Disciplined, modest, independent, sociable and friendly towards peers. He knows how to defend his own opinion.

In the main subjects of the curriculum, she has grades of “good” and “excellent”. GPA - 4.1

By character - calm, balanced, strives to avoid conflict situations. When a conflict arises, he tries to come to a compromise. He has many friends and enjoys authority among his comrades. Always ready to help classmates and support in difficult times.

Active participant in social and sports activities of the educational institution. He strives to complete school assignments with full dedication. Since the second grade, he has been involved in athletics and periodically takes prizes in regional, city and regional sports events.

Date - 01/15/2018

Director - Cherepanova Galina Petrovna

Class teacher - Frolova Irina Viktorovna

Finally

Characteristics for the military registration and enlistment office from the place of study are a kind of resume. Therefore, the determination of the main characterizing qualities and personal assessment must be approached with special responsibility. After all, not only the effective distribution to certain troops, but also the likelihood of conflict situations during military service depends on how accurately and reliably the facts are presented.